【UNS知识平台】家居和办公环境的建筑与健康：空间与布局

UNStudio重视知识的累积和共享，所以我们将持续发布有关UNStudio知识平台(UNSKnowledge)现时集中研究的议题的文章，在线上进行知识分享和讨论。

UNStudio知识平台是作为UNStudio及我们的姐妹建筑技术公司UNSense之间相互联系的社区网络，促进发展及跨领域的知识交流。我们根据现有趋势、辩论及挑战去定义和建立概念、愿景与策略，以提供高效且未来导向的解决方案。

Knowledge accumulation and sharing is critical in UNStudio. From time to time we share articles of our search on hot topics that UNSKnowledge team is working on to stimulate inspiration and discussion online.

UNSKnowledge is an inter-connected community network between UNStudio and our sister arch-tech company UNSense, to faciliate innovation and cross-discipline knowledge sharing. We define and develop ideas, visions and strategies in response to current trends, debates and challenges in order to provide efficient and future-proofing design solutions.

 家居和办公环境的建筑与健康：空间与布局 

 Health and Architecture in the Home and Office: Space and Layout 

▲荷兰格罗宁根教育执行和税务大楼 Education Executive Agency & Tax Offices, Groningen, The Netherlands ©Ronald Tilleman

很多人可能未予以深思，但是建筑的空间与布局其实可以对人的健康带来重大影响。研究表明，从建筑的颜色到其中设施位置等各个方面都能影响到我们的情绪与健康。因此，建筑师和设计师在布局楼面时需考虑它会为周边活动的人带来的影响。

Many people may not give it much thought, but the space and layout of a building can have a significant impact on our health. Studies have shown that all manner of decisions from the colour to the location of amenities in a building can affect our moods and well-being. For this reason, architects and designers need to consider how their choices in mapping out a floor plan will affect the people who move around it.

纯粹娱乐性空间的选择就是设计师要考虑的一个重要因素。很多时候，人们往往太注重工作空间的布局，因此忽视了用于放松和社交的空间。2018 年 CBRE 的一项“健康办公室”研究表明，若办公室内有供工作人员休息、练习瑜伽和冥想的空间，他们的工作效率可提升16%。此外，进行此类放松活动后，66%的人觉得自己更精神，63%的人觉得自己更快乐，53%的人觉得自己更健康，这足以说明提供休息时间其实可以提高效率。

One important consideration for designers is the designation of purely recreational space. Often times too much emphasis is put on the layout of workspaces, and as a consequence areas reserved specifically for relaxing and socializing are ignored. A 2018 'healthy office' study by the CBRE showed that when office workers were given time and space to rest, practice yoga and meditate, their productivity increased by 16%. Additionally, after taking these relaxing steps, 66% of the participants reported feeling more energized, 63% happier and 53% healthier, showing how making time for rest can actually improve output.

▲新加坡科技设计大学 Singapore University of Technology and Design ©Hufton+Crow

其他能够改变空间设计对健康的影响的要素包括：颜色使用、天花板高度及线条形式。尤其是颜色，它对工作效率有着重要影响—Ravi Mehta发表于2009年《科学》杂志上的一项研究表明，红色有利于提升细节导向型工作效率，而蓝色则有利于提升创新性工作效率。同样的，天花板高度及设计也能影响人的心理健康。2013 年一项由 Oshin Vartaniana 等人进行的研究中，参与者发现曲线形状比直线更漂亮，而且更能让人冷静。此外，Joan Meyers-Levy 和 Juliet Zhu 的“天花板高度的影响”发现，较低的天花板有助于专注工作，而较高的天花板则更利于创造性发挥和抽象思维。

Other factors that influence how the design of a space affects health include: the use of colour, ceiling height and linearity of form. Colour in particular can have a significant impact on performance – a 2009 study in Science magazine by Ravi Mehta shows that seeing red enhances performance on detail-oriented tasks while seeing blue can improve performance on creative tasks. Similarly, ceiling height and form can also affect mental wellbeing. Participants in a 2013 study conducted by Oshin Vartaniana et al. perceived curvilinear forms to be more beautiful and more calming than rectilinear ones. Additionally, Joan Meyers-Levy and Juliet Zhu's 'The Influence of Ceiling Height' shows that lower ceilings are conducive to focused work while high ceilings promote creativity and more abstract thinking.

▲荷兰格罗宁根教育执行和税务大楼 Education Executive Agency & Tax Offices, Groningen, The Netherlands ©Christian Richters

建筑中设施布局也能影响到在其中工作的人的健康，特别是他们的身体健康。为鼓励人们运动，诸如卫生间和厨房的设施应该离工作区域远一些。将相关设施设置在不同楼层能带来更显著的作用，这样人们就不得不来回走楼梯，可作为快速而高效的运动方式。然而，我们还必须考虑到行动不便的工作人士，因此每层都应设有无障碍卫生间。

建筑师与设计师应注意的要点：

• 在办公室设置放松和社交的空间

• 考虑色彩的心理暗示

• 根据不同工作类型设计天花板高度

• 以设施布局促使人员活动

The location of amenities in a building also plays a role in its occupants' health, specifically their physical health. To encourage movement and activity, amenities such as toilets and kitchens should be located at a distance from workspaces. This is especially effective when they are placed on different floors, as it prompts people to travel up and down stairs regularly, and provides a quick and effective form of exercise. However, special consideration needs to be given for workers with impaired mobility and accessible bathrooms should be present on all floors.

Key points for architects and designers:

• INCLUDE SPACES TO RELAX AND SOCIALIZE IN AN OFFICE

• CONSIDER PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF COLOUR

• DESIGN CEILING HEIGHT AND WALL FORM WITH TYPE OF WORK IN MIND

• USE LAYOUT TO ENCOURAGE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

▲荷兰阿纳姆中央车站 Arnhem Central Station, The Netherlands ©Hufton+Crow

UNStudio设计的阿纳姆中央车站的中心枢纽内线路清晰，人们可以从这里轻松去往车站的各部分区域。这样的布局不仅能帮助控制人流，也能在下意识间改善人员健康——Michael Bond 发表于 2017 年BBC 的一篇文章就探讨了设计差的通道空间极易产生压力，有时甚至造成焦虑。正如前述Vartaniana 等人的研究发现，曲线设计也可以帮助改善人的情绪。

The central twist of UNStudio's Arnhem Central Station provides users with a clear route through the building, smoothly directing people to different parts of the masterplan. This not only helps control the flow of traffic but also subconsciously improves health – a 2017 BBC article by Michael Bond discusses how poorly navigable spaces can easily produce stress and in some cases lead to anxiety. The curvilinear design also improves mood, in keeping with findings of the aforementioned study by Vartaniana et al.

UNStudio Team: Luke Parkhurst, Filippo Lodi, Bart Chompff, Marisa Cortright, Sean Henson

 延伸阅读 Related Articles︰

点击"阅读原文"查看更多UNStudio知识平台的研究文章和动向。

Click 'Read More' for more articles and news of UNSKnowledge.

---

媒体查询 Media Inquiry

UNStudio

Karen Murphy
[e-mail]
[phone]

UNStudio Asia

Iris Lo 罗嘉怡

[e-mail]

[phone]